實驗名稱：水下(xia)超聲(sheng)無(wu)線(xian)電能傳輸(shu)系(xi)統測試

　　研究方向：隨著科技(ji)的(de)(de)快速(su)發展，人們(men)發現(xian)再對海洋資(zi)源的(de)(de)勘(kan)探、開發與利用(yong)和(he)(he)海洋環境監測中，離(li)不開大量的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)下(xia)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)傳(chuan)感設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)支持。為了保障水(shui)(shui)下(xia)機電(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備(bei)工作時的(de)(de)實(shi)時性(xing)、可靠性(xing)以及(ji)不間斷(duan)性(xing)，需要為其(qi)安全(quan)、便捷(jie)地補充電(dian)(dian)(dian)能，但傳(chuan)統供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)方式存在(zai)(zai)(zai)成本(ben)高(gao)昂(ang)、靈活(huo)性(xing)差、存在(zai)(zai)(zai)安全(quan)隱患受限于(yu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)距離(li)和(he)(he)海水(shui)(shui)深(shen)度(du)等缺點，因(yin)(yin)此可用(yong)于(yu)水(shui)(shui)下(xia)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)無(wu)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能傳(chuan)輸技(ji)術受到極大關注。超(chao)聲(sheng)波因(yin)(yin)其(qi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)海水(shui)(shui)介質中具有(you)方向性(xing)好(hao)、傳(chuan)播(bo)距離(li)遠(yuan)、聲(sheng)衰減小、無(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁干擾等優點，使得超(chao)聲(sheng)無(wu)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能傳(chuan)輸技(ji)術成為解決水(shui)(shui)下(xia)設(she)備(bei)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)問題(ti)的(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)途(tu)徑。本(ben)研(yan)究通過實(shi)驗進行測試，探究超(chao)聲(sheng)無(wu)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能傳(chuan)輸的(de)(de)可行性(xing)和(he)(he)影響效(xiao)率的(de)(de)指標參(can)數(shu)。

　　實驗目的：通(tong)過自主(zhu)搭建的(de)水下超聲(sheng)無(wu)線(xian)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)傳(chuan)輸(shu)實驗平臺探究負載電(dian)阻(zu)、輸(shu)入電(dian)壓、傳(chuan)輸(shu)距離和(he)(he)接收(shou)換能(neng)(neng)器對超聲(sheng)無(wu)線(xian)電(dian)能(neng)(neng)傳(chuan)輸(shu)系統的(de)輸(shu)出功率(lv)和(he)(he)傳(chuan)輸(shu)效率(lv)的(de)影響。

　　測試設備：信號發生器、ATA-4014高壓功率放大器、發(fa)射/接收換能器、示波器等。

　　實驗過程：使(shi)用AFG30122型信號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)發(fa)生(sheng)器輸出與(yu)發(fa)射(she)換能(neng)(neng)(neng)器諧振頻率相同的正弦(xian)波(bo)信號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)，經ATA-4014高(gao)壓功率放(fang)大器將(jiang)電信號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)放(fang)大，從而驅動(dong)發(fa)射(she)換能(neng)(neng)(neng)器將(jiang)電信號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)超(chao)聲信號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)向(xiang)接收(shou)(shou)換能(neng)(neng)(neng)器傳輸；接收(shou)(shou)換能(neng)(neng)(neng)器將(jiang)接收(shou)(shou)到(dao)的超(chao)聲信號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)重新轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)電信號(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)，利(li)用示波(bo)器讀取接收(shou)(shou)換能(neng)(neng)(neng)器輸出的電壓值以(yi)及(ji)負載電阻兩端的電壓值。

　　實驗結果：測試條(tiao)件：傳輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)距離為30cm，負載(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)阻為38.5。隨著輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)從(cong)20V增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)到(dao)(dao)70V時(shi)(shi)(shi)，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)逐漸從(cong)0.2W增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)到(dao)(dao)2.11W。然而，傳輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)效(xiao)率(lv)呈現下降(jiang)趨勢。當(dang)換能(neng)(neng)器(qi)在人(ren)下工作時(shi)(shi)(shi)，換能(neng)(neng)器(qi)的等效(xiao)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)為靜(jing)態電(dian)(dian)容(rong)和動態電(dian)(dian)阻的并聯模式(shi)，系統(tong)呈容(rong)性。根據(ju)交流電(dian)(dian)路(lu)理(li)論，加(jia)(jia)載(zai)(zai)在壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)換能(neng)(neng)器(qi)上的電(dian)(dian)流和電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)之(zhi)間(jian)必(bi)然存在相(xiang)位差(cha)0，從(cong)而產生無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)，會降(jiang)低有功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)的輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)和激勵源效(xiao)率(lv)，同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)造成電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中電(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)損失增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)，嚴重將導致換能(neng)(neng)器(qi)發熱嚴重，降(jiang)低能(neng)(neng)量轉換效(xiao)率(lv)。不同(tong)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)下，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)端輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)流、相(xiang)位差(cha)、有效(xiao)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)和空負載(zai)(zai)情況下接(jie)收(shou)換能(neng)(neng)器(qi)兩(liang)端輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)如圖2所示。隨著輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的增(zeng)大(da)，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)流和接(jie)收(shou)換能(neng)(neng)器(qi)兩(liang)端輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)逐漸增(zeng)大(da)；同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和電(dian)(dian)流之(zhi)間(jian)的相(xiang)位差(cha)也逐漸增(zeng)大(da)，0從(cong)20°增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)到(dao)(dao)35°，如圖2(b)所示，輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為60V輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)入(ru)(ru)(ru)電(dian)(dian)流和輸(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)之(zhi)間(jian)存在30°的相(xiang)位差(cha)。無(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)計算公式(shi)如下：

　　式中，U、Im、0分別為輸入電(dian)壓、輸入電(dian)流(liu)和相位(wei)差(cha)。隨著(zhu)相位(wei)差(cha)的(de)增(zeng)大，無功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率增(zeng)大，導致有效(xiao)輸入功(gong)(gong)(gong)率降低，系統的(de)能(neng)量傳輸效(xiao)率也降低。因(yin)此在實際應用過程需要對(dui)換能(neng)器進(jin)行阻抗(kang)匹(pi)配，在發射(she)端消除(chu)容性造成(cheng)的(de)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率，從而減輕發射(she)電(dian)源負擔(dan)獲(huo)得更(geng)高(gao)的(de)有功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率。

　　產品推薦：ATA-4014C高壓功率(lv)放大器

　　圖：ATA-4014C高壓功率放大器指標參數

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