實驗名稱：電(dian)卡制冷(leng)器件極化(hua)測試

　　研究方向：近年來，溫(wen)室效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)所造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全球變(bian)(bian)暖極(ji)(ji)端(duan)氣(qi)候(hou)正逐(zhu)(zhu)步威脅著地(di)球生態(tai)和(he)(he)人類生活，也迫(po)使傳(chuan)(chuan)統制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)行業(ye)開始探索新的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。基(ji)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)固態(tai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)作為(wei)(wei)一(yi)種清潔、高效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)、驅(qu)動(dong)方式簡單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新型(xing)(xing)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，有(you)望替(ti)(ti)代(dai)傳(chuan)(chuan)統蒸氣(qi)壓(ya)縮式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)，并應(ying)用于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)元(yuan)件散熱(re)(re)領(ling)(ling)域。與此(ci)同時(shi)，在(zai)微電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)領(ling)(ling)域，隨著科技(ji)水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)斷進步，用戶對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)微型(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)、復(fu)雜化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)輕量(liang)(liang)化(hua)(hua)要(yao)求逐(zhu)(zhu)漸提(ti)高，使得(de)芯片上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)元(yuan)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸越(yue)來越(yue)小(xiao)而(er)(er)集(ji)成(cheng)度(du)越(yue)來越(yue)高。。磁熱(re)(re)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)、彈(dan)熱(re)(re)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)、壓(ya)熱(re)(re)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)均可被(bei)(bei)歸納為(wei)(wei)基(ji)于固態(tai)熱(re)(re)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(caloriceffect)的(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)，即通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)外部場(chang)(chang)(chang)強（磁場(chang)(chang)(chang)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、應(ying)力(li)場(chang)(chang)(chang)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua)驅(qu)動(dong)固態(tai)熱(re)(re)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(caloricmaterial)產生吸(xi)(xi)熱(re)(re)和(he)(he)放熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果，在(zai)四種固態(tai)熱(re)(re)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)核心在(zai)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ElectrocaloricEffect,ECE)，即在(zai)施(shi)加或(huo)撤(che)(che)去(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)時(shi),極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)中(zhong)偶極(ji)(ji)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方向在(zai)有(you)序(xu)(xu)與無(wu)序(xu)(xu)之間變(bian)(bian)換,引(yin)起材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熵(shang)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)(hua),由于施(shi)加或(huo)撤(che)(che)去(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間極(ji)(ji)短,材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)存在(zai)可逆絕熱(re)(re)溫(wen)變(bian)(bian)值ΔTad或(huo)等溫(wen)熵(shang)變(bian)(bian)值ΔSiso。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)一(yi)般將絕緣性(xing)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)鐵電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)作為(wei)(wei)介質，與內電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)交替(ti)(ti)堆疊(die)，形成(cheng)多層(ceng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)元(yuan)件。其中(zhong)，鐵電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)可逆性(xing)高、驅(qu)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)元(yuan)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)也可得(de)到(dao)高效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)回(hui)收和(he)(he)重復(fu)利用，且目前開發出的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)大多都(dou)具有(you)較為(wei)(wei)成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)(de)批量(liang)(liang)生產工藝。因此(ci)，憑借清潔、高效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)、無(wu)污染、易小(xiao)型(xing)(xing)化(hua)(hua)、可集(ji)成(cheng)度(du)高、驅(qu)動(dong)方式簡單(dan)、不(bu)涉及二次能(neng)量(liang)(liang)轉化(hua)(hua)等特點(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)被(bei)(bei)認為(wei)(wei)是(shi)一(yi)種最有(you)潛力(li)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)蒸氣(qi)壓(ya)縮式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)新型(xing)(xing)固態(tai)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作原理與磁熱(re)(re)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)相(xiang)似，共包含兩(liang)個絕熱(re)(re)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程和(he)(he)兩(liang)個恒定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)傳(chuan)(chuan)熱(re)(re)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)循(xun)環(huan)第(di)一(yi)步絕熱(re)(re)極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)施(shi)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)E，材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)偶極(ji)(ji)子(zi)(zi)(zi)重新排列，由無(wu)序(xu)(xu)態(tai)變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)有(you)序(xu)(xu)態(tai)，材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)熵(shang)減小(xiao)，溫(wen)度(du)升(sheng)高；第(di)二步，對外散熱(re)(re)，保(bao)持電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)恒定(ding)不(bu)變(bian)(bian)，將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)量(liang)(liang)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞至(zhi)(zhi)散熱(re)(re)器，進而(er)(er)向外界(jie)散熱(re)(re)，溫(wen)度(du)逐(zhu)(zhu)漸降低(di)；第(di)三步，絕熱(re)(re)去(qu)極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)，撤(che)(che)去(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)E時(shi)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)偶極(ji)(ji)子(zi)(zi)(zi)由有(you)序(xu)(xu)態(tai)回(hui)歸到(dao)混亂(luan)無(wu)序(xu)(xu)態(tai)，材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)熵(shang)增大，溫(wen)度(du)進一(yi)步降低(di)；第(di)四步，從熱(re)(re)源(yuan)吸(xi)(xi)熱(re)(re)，保(bao)持無(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)從熱(re)(re)源(yuan)吸(xi)(xi)熱(re)(re)，溫(wen)度(du)逐(zhu)(zhu)步回(hui)升(sheng)至(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)始狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態(tai)。通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)交替(ti)(ti)施(shi)加和(he)(he)撤(che)(che)去(qu)外部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)(chang)，循(xun)環(huan)誘導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)發生極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程和(he)(he)去(qu)極(ji)(ji)化(hua)(hua)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程，再結合(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)與熱(re)(re)源(yuan)和(he)(he)熱(re)(re)匯之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)交替(ti)(ti)傳(chuan)(chuan)熱(re)(re)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程，就構成(cheng)了一(yi)個完整的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)卡(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)(ka)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)循(xun)環(huan)。

　　實驗目的：驅動電卡材料研究電卡材料在(zai)不同(tong)極化電壓作用下元(yuan)件(jian)表面產生(sheng)的最大電卡效應溫升值為(wei)后續實驗做鋪墊

　　測試設備：信(xin)號發生器(qi)、ATA-2041高壓放大器(qi)、電卡(ka)材料等。

　　實驗過程：ATA-2041高(gao)壓放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)可將(jiang)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)低壓信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)60倍，最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)(wei)±200V，信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)經(jing)BNC線(xian)輸入高(gao)壓放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)進行放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)，放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)(da)后的(de)高(gao)壓直(zhi)流輸出(chu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)正(zheng)極與(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)開(kai)關引腳(jiao)9連接，負極與(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)卡模(mo)(mo)塊的(de)一根導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)銅絲連接，電(dian)(dian)卡模(mo)(mo)塊的(de)另(ling)一根導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)銅絲與(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)即(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)開(kai)關引腳(jiao)5連接。信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)CH2通(tong)道產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)平為(wei)(wei)6V、低電(dian)(dian)平為(wei)(wei)0V的(de)方(fang)波信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)，經(jing)由導(dao)(dao)線(xian)一端與(yu)(yu)(yu)引腳(jiao)13連接，另(ling)一端與(yu)(yu)(yu)引腳(jiao)14連接。由此，通(tong)過繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)開(kai)關的(de)控制，電(dian)(dian)卡模(mo)(mo)塊上將(jiang)被(bei)施(shi)加(jia)與(yu)(yu)(yu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)開(kai)關同頻率的(de)高(gao)壓方(fang)波信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)。其(qi)實驗流程(cheng)框圖如圖1-1。

　　圖(tu)1-1實驗流程框圖(tu)

　　實驗結果：在(zai)室溫(wen)(wen)條件(jian)(jian)下，受200V極(ji)化(hua)(hua)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)和20s周期高壓(ya)(ya)方波信號(hao)作用的(de)電(dian)卡(ka)(ka)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)情況(kuang)如圖1-2所(suo)示。在(zai)0-20s階段，無任何電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)信號(hao)作用于(yu)電(dian)卡(ka)(ka)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)，元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)保持(chi)在(zai)20℃左右波動(dong)；在(zai)20s時，高壓(ya)(ya)方波信號(hao)啟動(dong)，200V極(ji)化(hua)(hua)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)開始施加(jia)于(yu)電(dian)卡(ka)(ka)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)陣列；在(zai)20-21.6s階段，電(dian)卡(ka)(ka)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)1.6s內(nei)迅(xun)速由19.99℃升高至20.52℃，產(chan)生0.53℃的(de)電(dian)卡(ka)(ka)效應(ying)溫(wen)(wen)升；在(zai)21.6-30s階段，極(ji)化(hua)(hua)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)依(yi)舊施加(jia)于(yu)電(dian)卡(ka)(ka)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)陣列，但電(dian)卡(ka)(ka)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)開始與環境(jing)散熱，溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)下降(jiang)至20.27℃；在(zai)30s時，200V極(ji)化(hua)(hua)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)從電(dian)卡(ka)(ka)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)陣列上撤去；在(zai)30-31.8s階段，電(dian)卡(ka)(ka)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)1.8s內(nei)由20.27℃迅(xun)速降(jiang)低(di)至19.82℃，產(chan)生了0.45℃的(de)電(dian)卡(ka)(ka)效應(ying)溫(wen)(wen)降(jiang)；之后，在(zai)31.8-40s階段，電(dian)卡(ka)(ka)元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)開始從環境(jing)中(zhong)吸收熱量，表(biao)(biao)面(mian)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)回升至20.05℃。

　　圖1-2在200V極化(hua)電壓和20s周期條(tiao)件下電卡元件表面溫度隨(sui)時(shi)間的變(bian)化(hua)

　　電壓放大器推薦(jian)：ATA-2041

　　圖：ATA-2041高壓放大器指標參數

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