實驗(yan)名稱：基于靜(jing)電傳感器的人(ren)體室內定(ding)位(wei)研究

　　測(ce)試目的(de)：設計(ji)并制作了一種能夠對(dui)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體運(yun)動(dong)進行(xing)檢測(ce)的(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)。靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)由感(gan)(gan)(gan)應(ying)(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極與(yu)信號(hao)調理電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)組(zu)成，調理電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)包括(kuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷放大(da)(da)器(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓放大(da)(da)器(qi)、截止頻率(lv)為30Hz的(de)低(di)通濾波器(qi)以(yi)及陷波頻率(lv)為50Hz的(de)陷波濾波器(qi)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)體運(yun)動(dong)對(dui)空間中的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場造成擾(rao)動(dong)，根(gen)據靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)(gan)應(ying)(ying)原理，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極表(biao)面的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷發生(sheng)重分布，產生(sheng)變化的(de)感(gan)(gan)(gan)應(ying)(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷信號(hao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷放大(da)(da)器(qi)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷信號(hao)轉(zhuan)換為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓信號(hao)，且電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓與(yu)感(gan)(gan)(gan)應(ying)(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量成正比(bi)，然(ran)后(hou)經放大(da)(da)、濾波得到低(di)噪聲的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)體運(yun)動(dong)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)，以(yi)此可(ke)獲(huo)取人(ren)(ren)(ren)體運(yun)動(dong)信息。

　　測(ce)試設備：電壓放大器(qi)、電荷放大器(qi)、濾波(bo)器(qi)、采集卡等。

　　圖(tu)1：靜(jing)電傳感器結構示意圖(tu)

　　實驗過程：

　　靜(jing)電(dian)傳感(gan)器結構如圖1所示，由(you)感(gan)應電(dian)極、調(diao)理(li)電(dian)路板以及(ji)金(jin)屬屏蔽殼(ke)組成(cheng)。感(gan)應電(dian)極電(dian)路板與(yu)調(diao)理(li)電(dian)路板用排針(zhen)連接，并放置(zhi)于(yu)鋁制(zhi)金(jin)屬屏蔽殼(ke)內。

　　感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)極(ji)輸(shu)出的(de)電(dian)(dian)荷(he)信(xin)號(hao)是(shi)非常微(wei)弱(ruo)的(de)，且(qie)容易受到環境喋(die)聲的(de)干擾。為(wei)了從信(xin)號(hao)中提取(qu)有(you)效(xiao)的(de)信(xin)息，且(qie)在(zai)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)、處理(li)(li)過程(cheng)中不丟(diu)失信(xin)號(hao)特(te)征，需(xu)要對微(wei)弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)荷(he)信(xin)號(hao)進行放(fang)大和濾(lv)(lv)波。圖2為(wei)靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)信(xin)號(hao)調理(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)組成框圖，包括電(dian)(dian)荷(he)放(fang)大器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)壓放(fang)大器(qi)(qi)、低通濾(lv)(lv)波器(qi)(qi)以及雙工型(xing)陷(xian)波濾(lv)(lv)波器(qi)(qi)四部分。調理(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)直流±2.5V。

　　信號采(cai)(cai)集裝置所使用的(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)集卡(ka)，具有8路輸入通道、48kS/s采(cai)(cai)樣率以(yi)及14位分辨率，可實現(xian)多路靜電傳(chuan)感器(qi)輸出信號的(de)(de)模擬/數字轉換，并可按照需要調(diao)整采(cai)(cai)樣頻(pin)率，供(gong)計算機軟件(jian)分析、處理(li)。

　　圖2：信號調理(li)電路組成框圖

　　實驗結果：

　　詳(xiang)細介紹了(le)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)、信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)采(cai)集裝置的(de)(de)(de)(de)選型和系(xi)統定位軟件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)。設(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極為(wei)(wei)圓形(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極，通過靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)方式獲得變化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)，并輸(shu)入調(diao)(diao)理(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)板中。信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)調(diao)(diao)理(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)放大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)放大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)、截止頻率為(wei)(wei)30Hz的(de)(de)(de)(de)低通濾波器(qi)(qi)以及陷波頻率為(wei)(wei)50Hz的(de)(de)(de)(de)雙T型陷波濾波器(qi)(qi)，調(diao)(diao)理(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)將微(wei)弱的(de)(de)(de)(de)感(gan)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)(he)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)轉化(hua)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)，經過放大(da)(da)、濾波后輸(shu)出。采(cai)集卡采(cai)集調(diao)(diao)理(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)輸(shu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)，并將模擬信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)轉化(hua)為(wei)(wei)數字信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)后上傳(chuan)至(zhi)系(xi)統定位軟件(jian)，通過定位軟件(jian)可(ke)以進(jin)行靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號(hao)實(shi)(shi)時分析與人(ren)體(ti)位置的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)時測算。

　　電壓放大器推薦(jian)：ATA-214

　　圖：ATA-214高壓放大器指標參數

　　ATA-214是一(yi)款(kuan)理(li)想的(de)可放(fang)大(da)交(jiao)、直流(liu)信號(hao)(hao)的(de)單通道(dao)的(de)高(gao)壓放(fang)大(da)器。最大(da)輸出400Vp-p(±200Vp)高(gao)壓，可以(yi)驅動高(gao)電壓負載。增益數控可調，一(yi)鍵保存常用設置，為您提供了方便簡潔的(de)操作選擇，可與主流(liu)的(de)信號(hao)(hao)發生器配套使用，實(shi)現信號(hao)(hao)的(de)放(fang)大(da)。

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