在現代科技的(de)諸多領域，如精(jing)密(mi)儀器、醫療器械、工業自(zi)動化(hua)等，壓電陶瓷驅(qu)動器發揮著至關重要的(de)作用，堪稱精(jing)密(mi)控制的(de)“幕后英雄”。

　　一、壓電陶瓷驅動器(qi)的作用

　　壓電(dian)陶瓷驅動(dong)器主(zhu)要用于(yu)產生(sheng)精(jing)確的位(wei)移(yi)或力。在(zai)(zai)精(jing)密(mi)(mi)定位(wei)系統中，它能(neng)實(shi)現納(na)米級甚至更高精(jing)度(du)的位(wei)移(yi)控(kong)制，這(zhe)對于(yu)超精(jing)密(mi)(mi)加工、微(wei)納(na)制造(zao)、顯微(wei)鏡聚焦等(deng)應用來說是不(bu)可或缺(que)的。例如(ru)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)子束(shu)光刻技術中，壓電(dian)陶瓷驅動(dong)器可精(jing)準控(kong)制電(dian)子束(shu)的掃描位(wei)置，確保(bao)在(zai)(zai)芯片制造(zao)過程中，微(wei)小(xiao)的電(dian)路圖(tu)案能(neng)夠被(bei)精(jing)確地刻畫出來。

　　在醫療領域(yu)，如微創(chuang)手術(shu)器(qi)械中，壓電(dian)陶瓷(ci)驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)器(qi)可驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)手術(shu)器(qi)械進(jin)行微小而(er)精準(zhun)的動(dong)作，幫助(zhu)醫生在狹小的手術(shu)空間內完(wan)成(cheng)復雜的操作，減(jian)少對(dui)(dui)周圍組織(zhi)的損傷(shang)，提高手術(shu)的成(cheng)功率和安全性。在傳(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)方面，它也可作為驅(qu)(qu)動(dong)元(yuan)件(jian)，與(yu)傳(chuan)(chuan)感元(yuan)件(jian)配合，實(shi)現對(dui)(dui)物理量的精確測量和控制。

　　二、壓電(dian)陶瓷(ci)驅動器的(de)原理

　　壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)瓷(ci)驅動(dong)器的(de)工作(zuo)原(yuan)理基(ji)于(yu)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應。壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)瓷(ci)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)是一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)具有(you)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性質的(de)無(wu)機非金屬材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，其內(nei)部存在(zai)(zai)微(wei)小的(de)極(ji)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)疇。當在(zai)(zai)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)陶(tao)瓷(ci)兩端施(shi)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)時，這(zhe)些極(ji)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)疇會在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)下發生(sheng)(sheng)有(you)序排(pai)列或偏轉，從而引(yin)起材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)宏觀尺寸(cun)發生(sheng)(sheng)變(bian)(bian)化，產生(sheng)(sheng)形變(bian)(bian)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)方向(xiang)改變(bian)(bian)時，極(ji)化電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)疇的(de)排(pai)列方向(xiang)也隨之(zhi)改變(bian)(bian)，材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)形變(bian)(bian)方向(xiang)也隨之(zhi)改變(bian)(bian)。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)下產生(sheng)(sheng)形變(bian)(bian)的(de)現象稱為正壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應，而當陶(tao)瓷(ci)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)受力時又會在(zai)(zai)兩端產生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，這(zhe)屬于(yu)逆(ni)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應，不過(guo)在(zai)(zai)驅動(dong)器應用(yong)(yong)中主要利用(yong)(yong)正壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)應。

　　以常見的堆(dui)棧式壓(ya)(ya)電陶(tao)瓷(ci)驅動器為例，它(ta)由多片(pian)壓(ya)(ya)電陶(tao)瓷(ci)片(pian)堆(dui)疊(die)而成(cheng)。當給這些陶(tao)瓷(ci)片(pian)施加(jia)電壓(ya)(ya)時(shi)，每一片(pian)陶(tao)瓷(ci)都會產生微小(xiao)的線(xian)性伸縮，眾多陶(tao)瓷(ci)片(pian)的伸縮疊(die)加(jia)起來，就(jiu)能產生較大的位(wei)(wei)移輸出，其位(wei)(wei)移量(liang)與所施加(jia)的電壓(ya)(ya)呈近似線(xian)性關系，且響應(ying)速度極快(kuai)，能夠在極短(duan)的時(shi)間內完成(cheng)位(wei)(wei)移變化，從而實現快(kuai)速、精確的驅動。

　　圖：ATA-P系列功率放大器指標參數

　　壓(ya)電陶瓷驅動器憑(ping)借其(qi)高精度、快速響應(ying)、結(jie)構(gou)緊湊等優(you)勢，在眾多(duo)需要精密控制的場景中大放異彩。