電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)作為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統中重要的(de)(de)無(wu)功補償和過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓防護設(she)備，在(zai)長達(da)(da)數十年的(de)(de)運(yun)行周期中，頻繁遭(zao)受各種沖(chong)擊(ji)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)累積作用。研究表明，部分(fen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)所承受的(de)(de)沖(chong)擊(ji)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓次數多(duo)達(da)(da)上萬次，沖(chong)擊(ji)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)累積作用會導(dao)致固體絕緣(yuan)介質(zhi)的(de)(de)劣化(hua)，給設(she)備安全運(yun)行帶來隱(yin)患。

　　電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容器作為無功補償和過電(dian)壓(ya)防護設備(bei)，在電(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)中(zhong)發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)著重(zhong)要的作用，也得到了(le)廣泛應用。通常一個(ge)換流站中(zhong)，電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容器的使用數量就(jiu)高(gao)達上千個(ge)，其(qi)中(zhong)任何(he)一個(ge)電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容器發(fa)(fa)生故障均可能(neng)引(yin)發(fa)(fa)系統(tong)的停運，因此電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容器的安全運行(xing)對(dui)電(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)至關重(zhong)要。由于電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容器為儲能(neng)設備(bei)，內部(bu)工作場強較(jiao)高(gao)，在運行(xing)時對(dui)沖擊過電(dian)壓(ya)和高(gao)頻電(dian)壓(ya)沖擊波非常敏感。同(tong)時電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容器內部(bu)具(ju)有較(jiao)好的密封性(xing)，一旦線路中(zhong)發(fa)(fa)生故障，較(jiao)易導致電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容器內部(bu)過熱，甚至引(yin)起(qi)電(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)容器起(qi)火爆(bao)炸事故，給電(dian)力(li)(li)系統(tong)造成重(zhong)大損(sun)失。

　　關(guan)于電(dian)力電(dian)容器用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)丙烯(xi)薄(bo)(bo)膜的(de)(de)(de)擊穿(chuan)特(te)性(xing)，國(guo)內外已(yi)經對(dui)此開(kai)展了(le)一(yi)系列(lie)研究(jiu)。學(xue)者們(men)研究(jiu)了(le)聚(ju)(ju)丙烯(xi)薄(bo)(bo)膜的(de)(de)(de)直流、交流擊穿(chuan)特(te)性(xing)并提(ti)出了(le)電(dian)擊穿(chuan)的(de)(de)(de)陷阱理論，但(dan)是有關(guan)聚(ju)(ju)丙烯(xi)薄(bo)(bo)膜在(zai)(zai)沖(chong)擊電(dian)壓(ya)作用(yong)(yong)下擊穿(chuan)特(te)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)研究(jiu)鮮(xian)有報道。日本名古屋大學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)M.Nagao等人(ren)采用(yong)(yong)直流電(dian)壓(ya)，在(zai)(zai)不(bu)同溫(wen)度(du)條件下對(dui)聚(ju)(ju)丙烯(xi)薄(bo)(bo)膜進(jin)行耐壓(ya)試(shi)驗。研究(jiu)發現，低溫(wen)區(qu)域(yu)聚(ju)(ju)丙烯(xi)薄(bo)(bo)膜的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)氣(qi)強度(du)幾乎與環(huan)境溫(wen)度(du)、施加電(dian)場上升率和樣(yang)品(pin)類型無(wu)關(guan)，而在(zai)(zai)高溫(wen)區(qu)域(yu)，電(dian)氣(qi)強度(du)隨(sui)溫(wen)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)增加而減小。

　　圖：實驗系統

　　在(zai)實驗中壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)作為一種通過聲波(bo)傳遞信號的傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)，用于檢測(ce)和反映空(kong)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷分(fen)布信息的壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)波(bo)。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)傳感(gan)器(qi)(qi)輸出的微(wei)弱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)信號經放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)后由示波(bo)器(qi)(qi)進行(xing)采集測(ce)試(shi)，信號發生(sheng)(sheng)器(qi)(qi)產生(sheng)(sheng)激勵信號經高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)ATA-67100放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)為聚丙烯薄(bo)膜(mo)試(shi)樣提(ti)供直流(liu)極化(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)，用于研(yan)究在(zai)某一特定直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)下(xia)試(shi)樣內(nei)部的空(kong)間電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷分(fen)布，當試(shi)樣發生(sheng)(sheng)絕緣擊穿或其(qi)表面發生(sheng)(sheng)沿(yan)面閃絡時，保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻具有限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)并防止因(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)過大(da)(da)而燒(shao)壞(huai)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)放(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)的作用。

　　經過(guo)沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)電壓的(de)(de)累(lei)(lei)積(ji)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用后(hou)，聚(ju)丙(bing)(bing)烯(xi)(xi)薄(bo)(bo)(bo)膜(mo)內部發生(sheng)了一系(xi)列(lie)的(de)(de)變化(hua)，其(qi)內部組分可能產生(sheng)改(gai)變。研(yan)(yan)究不同波(bo)形(xing)(xing)沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)電壓作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用下(xia)電力電容器用聚(ju)丙(bing)(bing)烯(xi)(xi)薄(bo)(bo)(bo)膜(mo)的(de)(de)累(lei)(lei)積(ji)失(shi)效特性(xing)。通(tong)過(guo)試驗獲取(qu)不同波(bo)形(xing)(xing)沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)電壓作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用下(xia)聚(ju)丙(bing)(bing)烯(xi)(xi)薄(bo)(bo)(bo)膜(mo)的(de)(de)擊(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)特性(xing)和(he)累(lei)(lei)積(ji)擊(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)特性(xing)，研(yan)(yan)究波(bo)形(xing)(xing)參數對聚(ju)丙(bing)(bing)烯(xi)(xi)薄(bo)(bo)(bo)膜(mo)擊(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)特性(xing)和(he)累(lei)(lei)積(ji)擊(ji)穿(chuan)(chuan)特性(xing)的(de)(de)影響規律；研(yan)(yan)究多次(ci)沖(chong)(chong)擊(ji)電壓對聚(ju)丙(bing)(bing)烯(xi)(xi)薄(bo)(bo)(bo)膜(mo)的(de)(de)累(lei)(lei)積(ji)損傷(shang)特性(xing)，并分析(xi)其(qi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用機制(zhi)。

圖：ATA-7000系列高壓放大器指標參數

　　ATA-7000系列是一(yi)款理想(xiang)的可(ke)放(fang)大交、直(zhi)流信(xin)號的高壓放(fang)大器。單端輸出20kVp-p（±10kVp）高壓，可(ke)以(yi)驅動(dong)高壓型負(fu)載(zai)。電壓增(zeng)益數控可(ke)調，一(yi)鍵(jian)保存常用設置，為(wei)您提供了(le)方便簡潔的操作選擇。

　　ATA-7000系列高(gao)壓放大器應用(yong)場景：介電彈性體(ti)測試、EHD電流(liu)(liu)體(ti)打印(yin)、鐵電測試、等離子體(ti)測試、3D打印(yin)、材料極化、靜(jing)電紡絲、微(wei)流(liu)(liu)控。

　　其他應用：軟體(ti)機器(qi)人、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)活性聚合物、壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)與控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)、激光調制(zhi)(zhi)、半導體(ti)研究、靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)偏轉(zhuan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流變液、交流或(huo)直(zhi)流偏置、粒(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)加速(su)器(qi)、質(zhi)譜(pu)儀、材(cai)料表(biao)征(zheng)(zheng)、DBD等離(li)子(zi)(zi)致(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)、常壓(ya)等離(li)子(zi)(zi)體(ti)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、介電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊穿測試、離(li)子(zi)(zi)束(shu)偏轉(zhuan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)束(shu)偏轉(zhuan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳、介電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳、離(li)子(zi)(zi)引(yin)擎、粒(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)加速(su)器(qi)、材(cai)料表(biao)征(zheng)(zheng)、靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)致(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)、靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)噴(pen)涂(tu)、靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)裝、太(tai)陽能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)板(ban)(光伏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)）測試、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)光調制(zhi)(zhi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)照相、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暈發生(sheng)器(qi)、靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)吸盤、帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粒(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)束(shu)的靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)偏轉(zhuan)等。