實驗名稱：棒—環射(she)流的(de)放電特性研究

　　測試設備：高壓放大器、信號發生器、示(shi)波器、電壓探頭、相機等。

　　實驗過程：

　　圖(tu)(tu)1：I型棒-環射流的實驗裝置(zhi)圖(tu)(tu)

　　圖2：II型(xing)棒(bang)-環射流(liu)的實驗裝(zhuang)置圖

　　圖(tu)(tu)1給出了(le)(le)I型棒(bang)(bang)(bang)-環(huan)射流(liu)(liu)(liu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)圖(tu)(tu)，即棒(bang)(bang)(bang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)放(fang)(fang)置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)導(dao)(dao)氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況。一根(gen)鎢棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(長度(du)12cm，直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)1.5mm)同(tong)軸(zhou)放(fang)(fang)置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)一個(ge)(ge)玻璃材質的(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)7.0mm，外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)9.0mm)中(zhong)，且(qie)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)端(duan)與(yu)(yu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)口對齊。利(li)用(yong)(yong)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)1.0mm的(de)(de)(de)銅線制(zhi)成環(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)4.0cm)，將(jiang)其(qi)同(tong)軸(zhou)放(fang)(fang)置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)導(dao)(dao)氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)口處，使得(de)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)端(duan)與(yu)(yu)環(huan)中(zhong)心重合。需要指出的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)避免兩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)火花放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使得(de)外(wai)加(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)調節(jie)范圍(wei)(wei)更(geng)大(da)，所以環(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)要遠大(da)于導(dao)(dao)氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)。圖(tu)(tu)2給出了(le)(le)II型棒(bang)(bang)(bang)-環(huan)射流(liu)(liu)(liu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)圖(tu)(tu)，即棒(bang)(bang)(bang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)放(fang)(fang)置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)導(dao)(dao)氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況。一根(gen)鎢棒(bang)(bang)(bang)(長度(du)12cm，直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)1.0mm)與(yu)(yu)一個(ge)(ge)銅環(huan)(內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)5.0cm，外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)5.2cm)同(tong)軸(zhou)放(fang)(fang)置(zhi)，且(qie)棒(bang)(bang)(bang)端(duan)固定在(zai)(zai)環(huan)中(zhong)心。導(dao)(dao)氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(內(nei)徑(jing)(jing)1.5mm，外(wai)徑(jing)(jing)3.0mm)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)口到棒(bang)(bang)(bang)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)距(ju)離大(da)約為(wei)(wei)3.0mm。棒(bang)(bang)(bang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場方(fang)向(xiang))與(yu)(yu)導(dao)(dao)氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(流(liu)(liu)(liu)場方(fang)向(xiang))的(de)(de)(de)夾角α可以在(zai)(zai)5°-85°的(de)(de)(de)范圍(wei)(wei)內(nei)調節(jie)。對于這兩種放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置(zhi)，氬氣(純度(du)99.99%)作為(wei)(wei)工作氣體通過管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)口流(liu)(liu)(liu)入(ru)到空(kong)氣環(huan)境中(zhong)。氬氣的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)(liu)量通過流(liu)(liu)(liu)量計控制(zhi)。利(li)用(yong)(yong)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)器可以產生(sheng)不同(tong)波(bo)形的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)(直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、正弦波(bo)、三角波(bo)和(he)(he)方(fang)波(bo))，然(ran)后通過高壓放(fang)(fang)大(da)器放(fang)(fang)大(da)2000倍(bei)后作為(wei)(wei)高壓信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)。該高壓信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)與(yu)(yu)環(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)相連接。鎢棒(bang)(bang)(bang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)接地。利(li)用(yong)(yong)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(100Ω)分(fen)壓的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式(shi)或者(zhe)利(li)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)探頭測(ce)量回路(lu)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。利(li)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓探頭對棒(bang)(bang)(bang)-環(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)加(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓進行(xing)測(ce)量。放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)域的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)光信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)利(li)用(yong)(yong)透(tou)鏡由光電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)倍(bei)增管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)探測(ce)。利(li)用(yong)(yong)示波(bo)器同(tong)時觀察(cha)和(he)(he)記錄(lu)外(wai)加(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)光信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)。利(li)用(yong)(yong)數碼相機和(he)(he)ICCD拍攝放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)照(zhao)片。利(li)用(yong)(yong)光譜(pu)儀通過光纖采(cai)集(ji)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)區(qu)域的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)射光譜(pu)。

　　實驗結果：

　　圖(tu)2：放(fang)電絲(si)移動(dong)速度測量(liang)原(yuan)理示(shi)意(yi)圖(tu)

　　子(zi)(zi)(zi)彈(dan)(dan)傳(chuan)播速度的(de)(de)測(ce)量方法：通過曝光時間(jian)為納秒級的(de)(de)ICCD拍攝的(de)(de)等離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)體(ti)(ti)羽(yu)高速照片，可(ke)以(yi)看(kan)出(chu)等離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)體(ti)(ti)羽(yu)是由一系列快速傳(chuan)播的(de)(de)等離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)體(ti)(ti)子(zi)(zi)(zi)彈(dan)(dan)組成。等離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)體(ti)(ti)子(zi)(zi)(zi)彈(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)播速度可(ke)以(yi)利(li)用高速照片測(ce)得，其測(ce)量原理如圖2所(suo)示。圖中給出(chu)了(le)兩(liang)張(zhang)不同時刻拍攝的(de)(de)高速照片。假(jia)定在(zai)曝光時間(jian)內，子(zi)(zi)(zi)彈(dan)(dan)沒有向前(qian)移動。利(li)用兩(liang)張(zhang)照片中子(zi)(zi)(zi)彈(dan)(dan)傳(chuan)播的(de)(de)距(ju)離(li)差(cha)D除以(yi)兩(liang)張(zhang)照片的(de)(de)時間(jian)差(cha)(t2-t1)，即(ji)可(ke)得到(dao)等離(li)子(zi)(zi)(zi)體(ti)(ti)子(zi)(zi)(zi)彈(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)播速度。

　　?高壓放(fang)大(da)器推薦：ATA-67100

　　圖：ATA-67100高(gao)壓放大(da)器(qi)指標參數

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